Care and Restraint Techniques Ropes and Knots Objectives Key Terms Ropes Finishing the End of a Rope Procedure for Finishing or Securing the End of a Rope Quick-Release Knot Procedure for Tying a Quick-release Knot Bowline Procedure for Tying a Bowline Tomfool Knot Procedure for Tying a Tomfool Knot Double Half Hitch Procedure for Tying a Double Half Hitch Tail Tie Procedure for Placing a Tail Tie Braiding an Eye Splice Procedure for Braiding an Eye Splice Rope Halters Procedure for Building a Rope Halter for Cattle or Sheep Procedure for Building a Temporary Rope Halter for a Horse Review Questions References Restraint Tools and Techniques Objectives Key Terms Complications of Restraint Restraint of the Horse Guidelines for Restraint of the Horse Rules of Tying Stock Procedure for Using Stock Haltering and Leading Procedure for Haltering the Horse Procedure for Leading the Horse Applying Chains Procedure for Applying Chains Twitches Procedure for Hand Twitching Procedure for Applying Mechanical Twitches Loading Horses in Trailers Procedure for Loading Horses in Trailers Special Handling Scenarios Procedure for Cradling Foals Restraint of Cattle Guidelines for Restraint of Cattle Processing Facilities Operating Chutes Procedure for Operating Chutes Operating Stanchions Procedure for Operating Stanchions Haltering Procedure for Haltering Cattle Tailing-Up Cattle Procedure for Tailing-up Cattle Casting Cattle Procedure for Casting Cattle Flanking Procedure for Flanking Calves Securing Cattle Feet for Examination Procedure for Securing Feet for Examination Miscellaneous Equipment Procedure for Use of a Hot Shot Nose Tongs Procedure for Placing Nose Tongs Nose Rings Procedure for Placing a Nose Ring Restraint of the Goat Guidelines for Restraint of the Goat Collaring and Leading Goats Procedure for Collaring and Leading Goats Stanchion Procedure for Placing Goat in Stanchion Restraint of Sheep Guidelines for Restraint of Sheep Catching and Holding Sheep Procedure for Catching and Holding Sheep Tipping Sheep Procedures for Tipping Sheep Restraint of the Pig Guidelines for Restraint of the Pig Pig Boards Procedure for Using Pig Board Castration Restraint Procedure for Holding Pig in Castration Position Snout Snare Procedure for Applying a Snout Snare Restraint of the Llama Guidelines for Restraint of the Llama Haltering and Leading Procedure for Haltering and Leading the Llama Stock Procedure for Placing Llama in Trailers Review Questions References Grooming and Stall Maintenance Objectives Key Terms Basic Grooming Procedure for Grooming the Horse Procedure for Grooming the Cow Procedure for Grooming Llama and Sheep Blankets and Fly Masks Blanketing Procedure Types of Blankets Fly Masks Fly Mask Application Procedure General Husbandry Procedures Water Buckets, Feed Tubs, Salt Blocks, and Hay Nets Identifying Feed Hay Types Hay Quality Hay Quantity Grains Review Questions References Physical Examination Physical Examination Objectives Key Terms Basic History Taking Procedures for History Taking Patient Observation Physical Examination Procedures Used in Physical Examinations Female Reproductive Examination Procedures Used in Reproductive Examination of the Female Reproductive Examination of the Male Procedures for Reproductive Examination of the Male Examination for Legal Purposes Review Questions References Sample Collection and Clinical Procedures Sample Collection Objectives Key Terms Blood Collection Procedure for Jugular Venipuncture of the Horse Procedure for Facial Sinus Venipuncture of the Horse Procedure for Jugular Venipuncture of the Cow Procedure for Coccygeal Venipuncture of the Cow Procedure for High-neck Jugular Venipuncture of the Llama Procedure for Low-neck Jugular Venipuncture of the Llama Procedure for Jugular Venipuncture of the Goat Procedure for Jugular Venipuncture in the Sheep Procedure for Jugular Venipuncture of the Small Pig Procedure for Jugular Venipuncture of the Large Pig Procedure for Venipuncture of the Marginal Ear Vein of the Pig Procedure for Arterial Puncture of the Carotid Artery of the Horse Procedure for Arterial Puncture of the Facial, Transverse Facial, and Greater Metatarsal Arteries Procedure for Arterial Puncture of the Coccygeal Artery of the Cow Procedure for Arterial Puncture of the Median Auricular Artery Procedure for Coagulation Study Blood Collection Fecal Sample Collection Procedure for Fecal Sample Collection from the Horse Procedure for Fecal Sample Collection from the Cow Procedure for Fecal Sample Collection from the Llama Procedure for Fecal Sample Collection from Sheep and Goats Urine Collection Procedure for Urinary Catheterization of the Horse Procedure for Free-catch Urine Collection in the Horse Procedure for Urine Collection Using the Digital Technique in Cows Procedure for Llama Urine Free-catch Technique Centesis Preparation for Abdominocentesis of the Horse: For Both Needle and Teat Cannula Method Procedure for Abdominocentesis of the Horse: Needle Method Continued Procedure for Abdominocentesis of the Horse: Teat Cannula Method Continued Procedure for Abdominocentesis of the Cow Procedure for Abdominocentesis of the Llama Procedure for Thoracocentesis of the Horse and Cow Procedure for Thoracocentesis of the Llama Procedure for Rumenocentesis Respiratory Sampling Procedure for Nasal Swabs Procedure for Transtracheal Wash Biopsy, Aspiration, Scrapes, and Smears Procedure for Uterine Biopsy of the Horse Procedure for Liver Biopsy of the Cow Procedure for Liver Biopsy of the Horse Procedure for Liver Biopsy of the Llama Procedure for Liver Biopsy of Sheep Procedure for Dermal Biopsy Nictitating Membrane Lymphoid Tissue Biopsy Procedure for Nictitating Membrane Lymphoid Tissue Biopsy Procedure for Fine-needle Aspiration Using Technique One Procedure for Fine-needle Aspiration Using Technique Two Procedure for Skin Scrapes Procedure for Impression Smears Cultures and Testing Procedure for Uterine Culture of the Horse Procedure for Uterine Culture of the Cow Procedure for Bacterial Culture of the Skin Procedure for Dermatophyte Culture Procedure for Milk Culture Procedure for California Mastitis Test Necropsy Sampling Procedure for Necropsy Review Questions References Clinical Procedures Objectives Key Terms Administering Oral Medications Procedure for Administering Oral Pastes to the Horse Procedure for Administering Oral Pastes to Sheep and Goats Procedure for Administering Oral Pastes to the Llama Procedure for Using a Balling Gun Parenteral Administration of Drugs Procedure for an Intramuscular Injection in the Horse Procedure for Intramuscular Injection in the Cow Care of Automatic Syringe Guns Procedure for Intramuscular Injection in the Sheep and Goat Procedure for Intramuscular Injection in the Pig Procedure for Intramuscular Injection in the Llama Procedure for Intravenous Injection in the Horse Procedure for Intravenous Injection in the Cow Procedure for Intravenous Injection in the Sheep and Goat Procedure for Intravenous Injection in the Pig Procedure for Intravenous Injection in the Llama Procedure for Subcutaneous Injection in the Cow Procedure for Subcutaneous Injection in the Sheep, Goat, and Llama Procedure for Subcutaneous Injection in the Pig Procedure for Placing Growth Hormone Implants Intubation Procedure for Nasogastric Intubation of the Horse Procedure for Orogastric Intubation of Cows, Llamas, Sheep, and Goats Catheters Procedure for Placing an Over-the-needle Intravenous Catheter in the Horse Procedure for Placing a Through-the-needle Intravenous Catheter in the Horse Procedure for Placing an Over-the-wire Intravenous Catheter in the Horse Procedure for Placing an Intravenous Catheter in Cows and Llamas Procedure for Placing an Intravenous Catheter in the Sheep and Goat Procedure for Placing an Intravenous Catheter in the Pig Removal of Intravenous Catheters Procedure for Placing an Intraarterial Catheter Bandaging Procedure for Applying a Lower Limb Wrap Procedure for Placing a Tail Wrap Procedure for Applying an Abdominal Wrap Reproductive Treatments Procedure for Cleaning the Sheath Procedure for Performing an Intramammary Infusion Ocular Procedures Procedure for Administering Ocular Medication Procedure for Performing a Fluorescein Stain Procedure for Flushing the Nasolacrimal Duct Procedure for Cannulating the Nasolacrimal Duct Identification Techniques Procedure for Hot Branding Procedure for Freeze Branding Procedure for Tattooing the Ear Procedure for Attaching Ear Tags Procedure for Notching a Pig Ear Microchip (RFID) Implant in a Horse Procedure for Placing an RFID Microchip in a Horse Review Questions References Neonatal Clinical Procedures Objectives Key Terms Bottle-Feeding Procedure for Bottle-Feeding a Foal Procedure for Bottle-Feeding a Calf Procedure for Bottle-Feeding a Lamb and Kid Procedure for Bottle-Feeding a Pig Procedure for Bottle-Feeding a Cria Milk Replacers and Colostrum Intubation Procedure for Nasogastric Intubation of Foals Procedure for Orogastric Intubation of Calves Procedure for Orogastric Intubation of Kids and Lambs Procedure for Orogastric Intubation of Cria Early Neonatal Care Checklist Procedure for Immediate Postpartum Care of All Species Procedure for Postpartum Care of the Foal Procedure for Postpartum Care of the Calf Procedure for Postpartum Care of the Kid and Lamb Procedure for Postpartum Care of the Piglet Procedure for Postpartum Care of the Cria Parenteral Nutrition of Foals Procedure for Administering Parenteral Nutrition to the Foal Nasal Oxygen Procedure for Administering Nasal Oxygen to the Foal Enemas Procedure for Administering an Enema to a Foal Routine Neonatal Processing Procedures Procedure for Clipping Needle Teeth Procedure for Disbudding Kids Procedure for Docking Lambs' Tails Review Questions References Surgical, Radiographic, and Anesthetic Preparation Surgical Preparation Objectives Key Terms Surgery Team Personal Preparation for Surgery Procedure for Personal Preparation for Surgery Instrument Pack Preparation and Sterilization Procedure for Surgery Pack Preparation Procedure for Packing and Operating an Autoclave Preparation of the Patient for Surgery Procedure for Three-step Surgical Scrub Procedure for Draping the Patient Procedure for Cushioning the Recumbent Patient Sutures, Needles, and Suturing Techniques Procedure for Tying and Cutting a Suture Knot Procedure for How to Sew Four Suture Patterns Surgical Castration of the Large Animal Procedure for Castration of Calves Procedure for Recumbent Castration of Horses Procedure for Castration of Llamas Procedure for Castration of Pigs Preparation of the Patient for Laparotomy Procedure for Standing Flank Laparotomy of the Horse Procedure for Flank Laparotomy of the Ruminant Procedure for Ventral Laparotomy in Ruminants Obstetrical Procedures Procedure for Assisted Vaginal Delivery of Horses Procedure for Assisted Vaginal Delivery of Ruminants Procedure for Assisted Vaginal Delivery of Pigs Procedure for Vaginal Prolapse Repair of the Cow Procedure for Vaginal Prolapse Repair of the Ewe Procedure for Uterine Prolapse Repair Miscellaneous Common Large Animal Procedures Procedure for Dehorning Calves Procedure for Dehorning Goats Procedure for Bovine Eye Enucleation Procedure for Rectal Prolapse Reduction Procedure for Preparation for Endoscopy in the Horse Review Questions References Selected Lower Limb Radiographic Procedures Objectives Key Terms Basic Radiographic Equipment Basic Radiographic Safety Hoof Preparation for Radiographs Procedure for Hoof Preparation Lower Limb Radiographs Procedure Used for All Distal Limb Radiographs Procedure for Lateral View of Cofin Procedure for 45-degree Dorsopalmar View of Cofin Procedure for Horizontal Zero-degree Dorsopalmar View of Cofin Procedure for Oblique Views of Cofin Procedure for Palmar-proximal or Skyline View of Navicular Procedure for Lateral View of Navicular Procedure for 65-degree Dorsopalmar or Upright Pedal View of Navicular Procedure for Oblique Views of Navicular Procedure for Dorsopalmar View of Pastern Procedure for Lateral View of Pastern Procedure for Oblique Views of Pastern Procedure for Dorsopalmar View of Fetlock Procedure for Extended Lateral View of Fetlock Procedure for Flexed Lateral View of Fetlock Procedure for Oblique Views of Fetlock Procedure for Flexor Surface or Skyline View of Fetlock Procedure for Dorsopalmar View of Metacarpals and Metatarsals Procedure for Lateral View of Metacarpals and Metatarsals Procedure for Oblique Views of Metacarpals and Metatarsals Procedure for Dorsopalmar View of Carpus Procedure for Extended and Flexed Lateral Views of Carpus Procedure for Oblique Views of Carpus Procedure for Skyline Views of Carpus Procedure for Dorsoplantar View of Tarsus Procedure for Lateral and Flexed Lateral Views of Tarsus Procedure for Oblique Views of Tarsus Procedure for Flexed Dorsoplantar View of Tarsus Preparation of the Limb for Ultrasonographic Examination Procedure for Ultrasonographic Preparation Review Questions References Anesthesia Objectives Key Terms Veterinary Anesthesia in Large Animal Practice Preanesthetic Period Procedure for Preparing Horses for General Anesthesia Procedure for Preparing Ruminants for Anesthesia Procedure for Preparing Llamas for Anesthesia Procedure for Preparing Pigs for Anesthesia Stages of Anesthesia Parameters to Monitor in All Patients Under Anesthesia Procedure for Monitoring Horses Procedure for Monitoring Ruminants Procedure for Monitoring Pigs Monitoring Equipment Procedure for Doppler Blood Pressure Monitoring Procedure Oscillometric Blood Pressure Monitoring Procedure for Direct Blood Pressure Monitoring Procedure for Setting Up the ECG Procedure for Pulse Oximetry Sedatives and Tranquilizers Used in Large Animal Anesthesia Anesthetic Agents Sample General Anesthetic Regimens Induction and Maintenance of Anesthesia in Horses Induction and Maintenance of Anesthesia in Ruminants Induction and Maintenance of Anesthesia in Llamas Induction and Maintenance of Anesthesia in Pigs Field Anesthesia Procedure for Method One: Horse Field Induction and Recovery Procedure for Method Two: Horse Field Induction and Recovery Procedure for Induction of Ruminants Inhalant Anesthesia in Large Animal Surgery Parts of the Anesthetic Delivery System Operation of Anesthesia Machine Procedure for Nasotracheal Intubation Procedure for Orotracheal Intubation Local and Regional Anesthetic Blocks Systemic and Toxic Effects of Local Anesthetic Agents Local Anesthetic Agents Commonly Used in Large Animal Medicine and Surgery Methods of Producing Local Anesthesia Procedure for Intrasynovial Blocks Procedure for Administering Diagnostic Lower Limb Blocks to Horses Procedure for Teat Block Procedure for Digit Block in Ruminants Procedure for Intravenous Limb Block Procedure for Performing an Inverted L Regional Block Procedure for Paravertebral Block Procedure for Caudal Epidural in the Ruminant