A major challenge in cell therapy for muscle diseases is to specifically target transplanted cells to the muscle. To address this issue, it is necessary to develop non-invasive cell tracking tools at the preclinical stage. The aim of this study is to develop a method of in vivo cell tracking, in the GRMD dog model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). Three healthy and five GRMD dogs received an injection of 40.106111 In-labelled mesoangioblasts (MABs) in one femoral artery. Scintigraphic acquisitions were performed during injection, and 1, 3, 24, 48 h and 7 days post-injection. Three other healthy dogs were injected with 111In-labelled leucocytes, myoblasts, and 111In alone, respectively, to assess the specific migratory behaviour of MABs. In healthy and GRMD dogs, the early biodistribution of MABs was linked to the two first capillary filters they encountered: the injected leg, and the lung. However, a greater amount of cells stayed into the leg in GRMD (mean 50.4%, SD 10.9%) than in healthy dogs (34.7% SD 5.2%), suggesting an affinity of MABs for the dystrophic muscle. The radioactivity values in the injected leg remain constant while the strong radioactivity observed in the lung tend to cease in favour of a progressive increase in the liver and kidneys. These observations suggest cells recirculation, or cell death and 111In release. The three control dogs injected with 111In, myoblasts or leukocytes showed different radioactivity distribution patterns, attesting to the method ability to detect specific behaviours. Even if questions remain regarding the distinction of free and cell-linked radioactivity and the superimposition of anatomical structures within the injected leg, this study represents the first in vivo cell-tracking method translated into the GRMD model. Its ability to quantify the amount of cells migrating into the injected leg paves the way for in vivo evaluation of methods to improve cell homing to muscles in a large pre-clinical model of DMD.