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Schmallenberg virus experimental infection of sheep.

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Wernike, K. ; Hoffmann, B. ; Bréard, Emmanuel ; Botner, A. ; Ponsart, C. ; Zientara, Stéphan ; Lohse, L. ; Pozzi, N. ; Viarouge, Cyril ; Sarradin, P. ; Leroux-Barc, C. ; Riou, M. ; Breithaup, A. ; Beer, M.

VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY

a Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany. b ANSES, UMR 1161 ANSES/INRA/ENVA, Avenue du Général de Gaulle 23, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France. c National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lindholm, 4771 Kalvehave, Denmark. d LNCR, National Laboratory for sanitary controls in breeding animals, 13 rue Jouët, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France. e INRA, UE1277 PFIE Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. f Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany;. g Present affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany.

2013

Article

Abstract Since late 2011, a novel orthobunyavirus, named Schmallenberg virus (SBV), has been implicated in many cases of severely malformed bovine and ovine offspring in Europe. In adult cattle, SBV is known to cause a mild transient disease; clinical signs include short febrile episodes, decreased milk production and diarrhoea for a few days. However, the knowledge about clinical signs and pathogenesis in adult sheep is limited. In the present study, adult sheep of European domestic breeds were inoculated with SBV either as cell culture grown virus or as virus with no history of passage in cell cultures. Various experimental set-ups were used. Sampling included blood collection at different time points during the experimental period and selected organ material at autopsy. Data from this study showed, that the RNAemic period in sheep was as short as reported for cattle; viral genome was detectable for about 3 to 5 days by real-time RT-PCR. In total, 13 out of 30 inoculated sheep became RNAemic, with the highest viral load in animals inoculated with virus from low cell culture passaged or the animal passaged material. Contact animals remained negative throughout the study. One RNAemic sheep showed diarrhoea for several days, but fever was not recorded in any of the animals. Antibodies were first detectable 10 to 14 days post inoculation. Viral RNA was detectable in spleen and lymph nodes up to day 44 post inoculation. In conclusion, as described for cattle, SBV-infection in adult sheep predominantly results in subclinical infection, transient RNAemia and a specific antibody response. Maintenance of viral RNA in the lymphoreticular system is observed for an extended period.
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